Thursday, October 31, 2019

Stravinsky and Primitivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stravinsky and Primitivism - Essay Example Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer, pianist and also a conductor. He is considered to be one the most important composers during the early 20th century. His great reputation pushed through revolutionary boundaries of the musical design. His works and the works of other people from that period, mostly made use of traditional music forms. An example of this is the concerto Grosso, symphony and fugue (Bell 25). This was often to pay tribute to the form of music of the earlier masters like Tchaikovsky. Stravinsky’s professional life, which was at most in the 20th century, included many of the modern classical styles of music. Most composers who existed during his lifetime and those after were greatly influenced by him. He has the great desire to learn art, literature and life (Bell 25). Stravinsky was named as one of the truly epochal innovators of music. Aside from the technical innovations, which consisted of rhythm and harmony, the â€Å"changing face† of his compositional style was the most imperative feature of his work. It retained a distinctive and essential identity all the time. Primitivism is known in art as the style of works of self-trained artists who build up their talents in an imaginary manner, as in the paintings of Henri Rousseau and Grandma Moses. The phrase primitive has also been used to portray the style of time before American naive painters as Edward Hicks and has been practical to the art of the mixture of Italian and Netherland schools, which were formed before late 15th century. Recently, the term has incorporated the contemporary artists who research the earlier periods and the cultures far-off to their own like Robert Smithson and Joseph Beuys (Bell 25). Primitivism is a western art movement that has copied different visual forms from the non-western or the prehistoric peoples (Bell 25). The act of borrowing from primitive art has been very vital to the improvement of the modern art. For a long time, the de bate to get back to the basics and try to simplify things has been on. This looks at the advantages and disadvantages of simple verses a complicated life (Bell 25). The key elements of the overall primitivism as a basic function of art and development in and around the turn of the century will be articulated so as to be understood. Different art forms using principles of new developments and technologies In the modern society, with the new innovations, improved tools like computers have been incorporated in the basic art. Work of contemporary artists’ is evaluated using the computer and digital imagery by using a variety of formats. Many people are viewing these aspects of the modern technology to be complex and prefer to practice the earlier forms of art. The modern European and Euro American representational conventions are mostly inspired non western art and artifacts (Bell 25). This trend toward the greater use of technology as a creative tool will probably continue into the future, but with different forms (Bell 25). The reason behind this is due to the perspective that, individuals have on the technology that is now at hand. Technology has mostly made the work of the artists to be easy and simple, in terms of design and storage. Stravinsky’s use of motivic development, which is a repetition of different guises of musical figures throughout a composition, includes motivic development. This is essentially where notes are added or subtracted to a motif regardless of the consequent changes in metre. The same technique can be seen being used in the 16th century. For example, this is depicted in the music of Orlandus lassus, Carlo Gesualdo and Roe Cipriano (Hiller 56). Stravinsky maybe the only great composer, who managed to come up with a

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Accounting - Essay Example However, a name change could potentially alert customers and suppliers to new ownership and increased vitality and momentum at the company. In particular, the well-known name (Pinessi) has its own marketing benefits. But are these benefits really worth change the name? This seems unlikely thus great benefits will still be realised by retaining MCS Mining Supplies name and launching a new but limited marketing campaign alerting the industry to the new joint venture between well-known players in domestic mining. MCS Mining Supplies leads the mining supplies industry in Australia. We produce drill products that suit a wide range of customers, from high volume, low cost orders to unique, custom drill apparatus. MCS is staffed by highly skilled designers, machinists and technicians who produce drill custom pieces order, ahead of deadline and bulk orders with consistency and reliability. We maintain manufacturing plants at two sites in Western Australia, Perth and Kalgoorlie, and in Mount Macarthur in Queensland. MCS supplies 40% of the domestic market while we are expanding into the rapidly developing East Asian market, building our brand which is recognized for quality, capacity and reliability. We aim to grow our construction industry market share both at home and abroad. Both our Korean chapter and new projects in China serve the Chinese market, which is the largest in the world. We are also expanding our product line and developing related products specifically for the oil industry. At MCS we pride ourselves on maintaining our core vision of service and stability while quickly leveraging new technologies and opportunities. China’s phenomenal economic growth has been among the worlds’ biggest success stories since the reforms of Deng Xiou Ping in the 1980’s. Just a few years earlier, China was in the throes of Mao’s cultural revolution, which decimated entire industries, halted

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The Leadership Theories Of Machiavelli

The Leadership Theories Of Machiavelli Machiavelli, born on the 3rd day of May 1469, acquired his university education in the University of Florence. He wrote a famous book entitled the Prince. This book is famous for its break down on the issue of attributes of leadership and as such has become a guideline for leaders. He wrote the book based on his earlier experiences, addressing how a prince (leader) should rule. Although the book gained a lot of popularity, his views on the attributes of good leadership had a lot of flaws. In The Prince he advocates mean rule instead of liberalism. He talks of the benefits of being a dictator or exercising the autocratic style of leadership. There are a lot of leaders who have and are following the Machiavellian style of leadership as he had described in The Prince. Examples of such leaders who exercised or exhibited this type of leadership style were Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi of Libya and Idi Amin of Uganda. Muammar Gaddafi being a Machiavellian according to his leadership style has been the leader of Libya since he staged a military coup on the 1st of September 1969.  [2]  With the strict fellowship he has in the Machiavellian style of leadership, he has sought to maintain the power he has had ever since. In a recent article Gaddafi made a statement saying, I will fight to the last man and the last bullet  [3]  This goes a long way to emphasize on one of the shortfalls of Machiavelli when he talked about the fact that a leader has to gain power and should be able to maintain it by any means possible. In the same way, Gaddafi promises to maintain his power even if it means he has to kill. This action is affecting Libya in a negative manner since the world is pushing for democracy and finding all means to eradicate autocratic system of governance and as such it is affecting the economy of the state due to the current instability the country is facing now. As such, most investors w ould not be willing to invest in a country where peace does not prevail. Also, with growing rate of civilization, killing just to maintain power is barbaric and this would then send the state to a state of regression. Idi Amin was an autocratic leader who sought to exercise his power through military means. In his era, he created the situation whereby he was the only one who had the final say and no one could voice out their values in any way he or she deemed fit. He created and environment which had and still has a traumatizing effect on the people of Uganda now. During his reign as military dictator, there were issues of the abuse of ethnic affiliations, cases of the abuse of human rights and potent radical control, Asians faced expulsion from Uganda and killed outside normal legal proceedings.  [4]  Ugandans have still not devised the means of changing their government through undisturbed measures. Violence has become an option for which their voices could be heard. Again, Machiavelli talked about the situation whereby the prince did not have to possess any thoughts apart from that of war. He describes meanness as an attribute of a good leader. He says liberality would lead a prince or leader to be despised and hated whiles meanness would lead to reproach without hatred hence, being mean is the answer to greater leadership.  [5]   Moreover, Machiavelli allowed the hatred he had in him to take the greater side of him when he was imprisoned because of suspicion of his involvement in a conspiracy where he lost the trust he had in humans. A typical example of such a leader who exhibited Machiavellian traits in his style of leadership was Ghanas former president, Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings. Just as it is of human nature to seek revenge for every pain inflicted upon him, Rawlings came into power through military means to seek revenge for all the pain inflicted upon him in the past. He knew gaining power would be the only way to show his hatred and have his revenge best served.  [6]  This is because having the power he needs, all he has to do is to order for the people responsible for his pain to either be killed or assassinated. As a result of this shortfall of Machiavelli which Rawlings also exhibited, most affected Ghanaians even after the change from a military government to democratic governance still cann ot find it in their hearts to forgive him for his actions. It is for this reason that the National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) was set up. In addition, Machiavellis concept makes mention of the fact that the end justifies the means. He says that if the action a leader takes brings about catastrophe in an area of specialization or nationwide despair then the action taken should not be regarded as a good one.  [7]  Combining this concept to the idea of establishing fear amongst ones followers, some Machiavellian leaders tend to modify this act by protecting the citizens by any means possible so as to be loved by them. When the Americans annexed Iraq, the Iraqis tried to resist their forces even though they were technologically more competent and outstripped them in terms of their quantity, Saddam Hussein having inculcated a great amount of fear in and hatred for Americans in his followers. He made himself an adherent of the Machiavellian style of leadership. Also, as a result of the fear the Tunisian president drum in his people, the only way they could show they were fed up with all his activities was have someone st art the protest and this was done by the unemployed and frustrated young man who felt the only way his voice could be heard was to set himself on fire. Again, this action did not just end there. Egyptians under the rule of Hosni Mubarak saw this as a platform to also voice out their values. Therefore one can say that all these people were simply quiet because of the brutal fear they had for their various leaders and were thus waiting for the right moment to retaliate. Furthermore, Machiavelli in his book wrote about a leader (the prince) being feared rather than loved by his people. Here, this situation would not work in a democratic society where the people decide how long one should be a leader but in the communist society like China, the leader could in his own discretion decide to practice the Machiavellian style of leadership and it would work perfectly for him since he has to instill fear in his followers due to the fact that it is less likely for them to revolt against the government or protest by defying authority.  [8]   In conclusion, these Machiavellian leaders mentioned above, considering the good and bad sides of Machiavellis thoughts on good leadership has led them to impact their nations in a negative manner. Most of the countries like Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, among others are still in a state of unrest and this posses as a threat to the surrounding nations since there is the fear that such actions could be transferred.

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Individuality of Daisy in Henry James Daisy Miller Essay -- Henry

Why did James create such a beguiling and bewildering character? Since the publication of James's novel in 1878, Daisy has worn several labels, among them "flirt," "innocent," and "American Girl." Daisy's representation of an American Girl of the late 19th century is evident. Her free-spiritedness and individuality reflect the social movement of the American middle-class. The â€Å"depths† of Daisy Miller that Kelley refers to could be read as â€Å"unsounded,† since the reader receives little insight to her feelings, and â€Å"unappreciated,† based on the perceptions of most characters. James likely viewed Daisy as admirable because of the individuality displayed in her actions, attitudes, and contrast to Winterbourne. When she enters the novella, Daisy quickly defies European conventions: after speaking with Winterbourne as though they had been long acquainted, he notes, â€Å"She had a spirit of her own† (472). Though perhaps not surprising to modern audiences, Daisy shocks Winterbourne, her mother, and Eugenio when she asks Winterbourne to take her out in a boat at night, declaring, â€Å"That's all I want -- a little fuss† (483). This assertive nature is later seen when Daisy invites Winterbourne to travel with the Millers and teach her brother Randolph, likely violating the etiquette with which Winterbourne is so familiar (471); ignoring the expectations for subtlety that Winterbourne complies with, Daisy tells him, â€Å"I don't want you to come [to Rome] for your aunt, I want you to come for me† (485). In Rome, Daisy continues conducting herself independent from the external influences of society. Mrs. Costello, who represents the geographically transcendent society, remarks that Daisy is a â€Å"dreadful girl† (477); she updates Winterbou... ...s too late[;] she was ‘carried away’ by Mr. Giovanelli† (501), and similarly when he acknowledges to Mrs. Costello that he had mistakenly thought Daisy reciprocated his affection (506). Thus when Winterbourne reveals â€Å"it was on his conscience that he had done [Daisy] injustice† (506), he probably refers to his deciding that she was not respectable (503), in addition to his comment about whether she was engaged. Daisy Miller can be viewed as an endorsement for individuality: James celebrates Daisy's independence in the face of society's imposition while ruining Winterbourne’s prospects for happiness as a consequence for his passivity. Readers should pity Winterbourne, and thusly admire and sympathize for Daisy; regardless of her dying, Daisy did not live unhappily like Winterbourne does. Works Cited James, Henry. Daisy Miller. New York: Penguin Books, 1986.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Behavior therapy and ADHD

ADHD is Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder which is a biopsychosocial disorder or neurobehavioral problem characterized by numerous problems including hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. These problems pose a lot of difficulties in learning at school, home, at work and in relationships. About 3%-5% of children are affected by this problem out of which 30%-70% continue to show symptoms even to adulthood (Curtis, 2008).The symptoms associated with ADHD are of three types. One is having attention deficiencies in that the affected person is distracted very easily and also exhibits difficulties focusing on a given task.Secondly, the patient is prone to doing things before thinking about the consequences or the impacts they would have on themselves and the people around them. For instance, becoming too angry than the situation calls for, laughing or talking too loud, teens and adults may hurriedly make decisions that would impact the rest of their lives negatively like spendi ng money recklessly. The third type of symptom is hyperactivity in which affected children may fidget, run around at inappropriate times or squirm while adults and teens are restless and are unable to enjoy their quiet times or studying (Curtis, 2008).ADHD causes can be attributed to biological, social, experiential and strong genetic factors. The use of medication for treating this condition is not without serious side effects. By adopting behavioral approaches, the myriad of challenges faced by the affected children such as school failure, school drop out, behavioral disorders, depression, relationship and vocational problems can be significantly reduced and eventually overcome instead of relying on medications which only add more problems by causing serious side effects and whose long term outcome poses a threat to the life of the patient.Moreover, whether a child is affected by ADHD or not, such problems associated with ADHD may still be evident in psychologically healthy childr en. This paper will discuss how lack of adequately monitoring and controlling behavioral patterns at early childhood has resulted in many parents branding their children ADHD affected. It will show how behavioral strategies can be used extensively to deal with behavioral problems which may be mistakenly associated ADHD.Instead of using medications which cause more harm to the children to whom they are prescribed, the paper will justify by use of real and practical examples of other approaches which if well applied would eliminate the harms of relying on medicine. 2. 0 Why medication is not a remedy for treating ADHD Though there are several documented benefits associated with using stimulant medication for treating ADHD, it has not offered a complete remedy due to a number of reasons.It is first of all worth noting that the side effects caused by this medication impedes its administration on a prolonged basis and secondly no real benefits are accrued from medication for up to 20% of children claimed to be affected by ADHD (Rabiner, 2009). Another thing is that ADHD has primary symptoms in addition to other associated problems which cannot be alleviated by medication and therefore the need for employing other means. In addition, some children and many teenagers are strongly opposed to taking medicine which creates more problems when they are forced to take the medication.Moreover, management of children behavior can be effectively done even without the use of medication especially when the symptoms are relatively mild. This can be done through strategies such as positive reinforcement and punishment. 2. 1 Side effects of stimulant medications A stimulant is the commonly used type of medication whose action produces a calming effect on the patient. Other medications are non-stimulants and their mode of action differs from that of the stimulants. There are several side effects caused by the use of stimulants in treating ADHD.The common ones are sleep problems, de creased appetite, irritability, and anxiety in addition to few cases of headaches and stomachaches. There are also other side effects which are less common including some children developing sudden sounds or repetitive movements known as tics and change in personality in which some children appear to be without emotions (nimh. nih. gov, 2009). The US Food and Drug Administration have also warned against possible side effects which though rare may cause fatal consequences. It has pointed that the use of ADHD medication may cause psychiatric or possible cardiovascular problems.The medication-related psychiatric problems include becoming suspicious without any reason, hallucinations, hearing voices and becoming manic even among patients with no history of psychiatric complications. In addition, atomoxetine as one of ADHD medication has been found to cause increased suicidal thoughts in teenagers and children who take the medication than those who do not take it (nimh. nih. gov, 2009). Other non-medical treatment measures are therefore no doubt necessary to combat ADHD in a more safe, effective and easy way. 3. 0 Behavioral treatment for ADHDThis is also referred to as behavior management or behavior therapy whose basis of operation is pegged to the simple understanding of why children would want to behave or act in a socially acceptable manner. There are three reasons for this one being that children are inclined towards pleasing their parents by doing the right things and through this they feel good about themselves when the parents commend and applaud their positive behavior. This is because children are strongly motivated when the relationship with their parents is positive.Another reason is that children want to behave well so as to benefit from the positive consequences that rewards and privileges associated with good behavior. The last basic reason is that children would want to avoid the repercussions of acting inappropriately such as being punished. There fore, behavior therapy endeavors in enhancing the desire to embrace commendable behavior by all children whether affected with ADHD or not in order to please their parents and also to get positive consequences by behaving correctly.At the same time, inappropriate behavior is suppressed and highly discouraged by creating an environment which guarantees negative consequences after displaying undesirable behavior (Rabiner, 2009). Lack of understanding of this important concept has resulted in many parents making incorrect decisions such as taking their children to psychiatrists who may prescribe medicine for ADHD only to cause health problems to the children who are absolutely normal.Through the efforts of parents and their children, the tools of this approach can be effectively applied to do away with such predicaments and unwarranted over reliance on medicine since the practicability of the method carries no doubt. There are different tools that are essential for positive behavior ou tcome to be achieved. 3. 1 Positive Reinforcement This is based on the understanding that children would be motivated to behave positively if by doing this there is a reward or positive consequences to be gained.This therefore calls for the parent to devise means of increasing the frequency of good behavior by simply offering a reward when the child displays good behavior. The parent ought to be keen on noticing the desired behavior such as putting away toys or playing quietly and not hesitating to comment on the behavior. This approach also entails helping the child to understand what the parent wants him or her to do and ensuring that positive comments or praise is directed to the child every time the behavior occurs.The logic behind these social rewards is that the desire of the child to behave well is enhanced by realizing that the parents are keen to notice and appreciate them (Rabiner, 2009). This keeps at bay defiant or undesirable behavior for which most may be tempted to co ntemplate using medicine. Apart from social rewards, tangible rewards are a form of positive reinforcement. Parents should be enthusiastic to give tokens or privileges to children whether affected with ADHD or not every time positive behavior occurs. This enhances compliance and obedience to requests made by parents.For instance, a parent can explain to a child that each time a request is obeyed, a point is earned. The accumulated points can then be used to obtain a privilege such as access to computer time. 3. 2 Punishing appropriately Punishment is an appropriate strategy to use especially when the behavior is as a result of direct non-compliance or violation of rules. However, punishment cannot be done in solidarity and expect that it will change the long term behavior of children whether ADHD affected or not. Rather, it should always be accompanied with a managing strategy so as to precipitate the anticipated results.The logic behind punishment is that every time a certain behav ior is accompanied with consistent negative consequences, the frequency and intensity with which it will occur over time will diminish and eventually disappear. The child should be made to understand that every time the behavioral expectations are not met, negative consequences are always the result and that bad behavior has absolutely no pay-off. Many parents have failed to apply this important approach resulting in a rise in inappropriate behavior and poor performance in academics by many children.Due to this kind of reluctance on the side of the parent, many normal children have continuously displayed defiance and many have resulted into using antipsychotic medicine on these children in an effort to curb the problem. Punishment is critical in stopping negative behavior and can take many forms such as reprimands, detention, criticism, extra work, and corporal punishment (kidscoinsproductions. com, n. d). The different forms of punishment should be used interchangeably so that if o ne fails to give the expected change, a different one is employed.3. 3 Response cost techniques This refers to different forms of punishment in which the likelihood of losing what has already been earned is determined entirely by the mode of behavior or conduct of a child. Parents with children displaying inappropriate behavior can apply this practical approach to influence their behavior instead of making the conclusion that ADHD is the problem. Its effectiveness is as good as those of giving social and tangible rewards but is especially suitable when used in older children and teens.An example would be to start by giving the whole token say $5 at the start of the week instead of giving it at the end of the week after the child has behaved as expected. This allowance may be placed somewhere in a transparent vessel and a promise made to the child that as long appropriate behavior is maintained throughout the agreed time period, all the $5. 00 belongs to the child. Whenever the child violates the agreed upon set of rules, a dollar is removed from the vessel and this continues to the end of the week upon which the child gets whatever is remaining (Goldstein, 1999).This is a good way of making the child work hard to maintain appropriate behavior so as not to lose the already available reward. 3. 4 Special time Children sometimes find themselves having frustrations caused different challenges they face at school or even at home which can easily jeopardize the good relationship between them and their parents. The frustrations can also be caused by mood swings or being disappointed with friends which thus does not mean that they are having ADHD.These frustrations can create feelings of anger and trigger conflicts which only put the children-parent relationship at risk with the good times completely dwindling if the situation is not strategically contained. With the understanding of how behavior therapy works, parents can capitalize on the natural inclination of chil dren to please their parents when relationships are positive. This calls for the creation of a special time program whose entire focus is mending the badly affected feelings between parent and child.The parent can allocate at least 30 minutes everyday which is designated â€Å"special time† for the child during which the child can choose the desirable activity which must be commensurate with the purpose of the program (Rabiner, 2009). The parent ought not to give commands or ask a lot of questions during this time and the whole focus should be having quality time with the child. The parent should tune into the activity of the child in a complementary and interested manner such that the child will become more motivated to carry on with the activity.The parent should express the feelings of being pleased by for instance commenting positively on the efforts of the child. With time, the natural inclination to please the parent will find its way in and the child will now focus on doing it right and avoiding anything that would displease the parent. Through this, limit setting and discipline is done with ease. 3. 5 Non-Compliance vs. Incompetence Children whether having ADHD or not may display non-compliance to given rules or instructions and therefore there needs to be effective means of dealing with this problem as early as possible in the life of the child.The best way to overcome non-compliance is through manipulating and applying different consequences with the most effective being that of negative consequences through different forms of punishment. On the other hand, children who display incompetence for instance in understanding academic concepts in school should be helped through intensive skill building and educational training. Such children should also be allowed to make choices of what activity they feel they are capable of excelling in. This calls for the parents and teachers to be highly observant and assist the children to make the appropriate choices.This will eliminate the misplaced thoughts in such children that they are incapable of performing which is a source of depression and hopelessness which creates more defiant behavior. Instead of hastening to use medicine with the notion that ADHD has clipped in, such practical approaches are the best since they help avoid the harms associated with using drugs. 4. 0 Conclusion ADHD may be a disorder which is in existence or not but either way, lack of proper use of practical means to ensure sustainable appropriate behavior has resulted in many kids in the US being labeled ADHD-affected.The consequences of using medication to improve behavior and school performance have only created more problems than solutions which indicate that the right approaches are not yet exploited. Behavioral therapy as opposed to chemotherapy ought to be upheld and strategies like punishment properly used by parents and teachers. Assumptions that all behavioral problems emanate from a mental disorder should not be made. References Curtis, J. (2008). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: What It Is and Who Is Affected. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http://www. health. com/health/condition-article/0,,20251884,00. html Goldstein, S.(1999). The Facts About ADHD. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http://www. samgoldstein. com/node/21 kidscoinsproductions. com. (n. d). Designing a Behavioural Modification Program. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http://www. kidscoinsproductions. com/Research/Behavioural_mgt. htm nimh. nih. gov. (2009). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http://www. nimh. nih. gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index. shtml Rabiner, D. (2009). Behavioral Treatment for ADHD: An Overview. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http://www. athealth. com/Consumer/farticles/Rabiner. html

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Chemistry Lab Experiment: The Flame Test Essay

Flame test: AIM: To determine which part of the salt is responsible for the characteristics in the flame. HYPOTHESIS: If we introduce a metal salt in the blue flame of the Bunsen burner, then the colour given off by the flame is due to the metal part of the salt. METHOD: (1)With a heat proof mat under the Bunsen burner, turn the gas on and light up the Bunsen burner with matches. (2)Pour enough Hydrochloric acid into a beaker. (3)Using your wire, dip it into the beaker containing Hydrochloric acid (4)Place it into the flame for a few seconds; this is the cleaning method to avoid contamination of other solutions. If the Bunsen burner flame does not change colour, then your wire is clean and you can proceed to dip it into a metal salt. (5)Dip your wire into a metal salt either the nitrate or chloride and place the wire onto the tip of the blue flame. (6)Observe the change in colour of the Bunsen burners flame and record the observations as you go. (7)As long as you clean the wire as directed in step 3-4 you can proceed into testing the other metal salts. QUESTIONS: Q1: Were there any main difference between the chloride salts and the nitrate salts? If there was please comment on what it was Yes, I had observed some difference between the colour produced from the chloride and nitrate salts present in one flame test. The strontium flame admitted both a similar orange colour, but the strontium nitrate has a much more vibrant dark orange than the strontium chloride. Q2: Suggest reasons why the experiment tested both nitrate and chloride salts? The experiment tested both nitrate and chloride salts to allow us to compare which part of salt is responsible for the colour change of the flame. Q3: Suggest why flames on gas stove burn orange-yellow when a small amount of water boils over onto them? This is due to the chemicals present in the water; such as sodium chloride, calcium ion. The orange-yellow flame admitted could also be due to the ingredients added to the water such as salt. Discussion: When the metal salt is introduced to the flame, the electrons absorb heat energy and can jump into a higher energy level. Because the electrons are now at a higher and more energetically unstable level, they fall back down to their original shell, by doing so visible light is emitted due to the energy release. Name a possible source of experiment error and suggest at least one way to reduce the effect: A possible experimental error that could have effect the result is contamination of metal salts. As directed in the steps you must clean the wire using hydrochloric acid. By doing this you are removing any traces of the previous metal salts that could alter the true colour of the flame produce by a different metal salt. By reusing the same wire at each metal salt, you could reduce the effect. Each wire will be completely free of contamination of other metal salts as it will be exposed to only one metal salt. CONCLUSION: Data collected from the flame test identified that both chloride and nitrogen tested were identical, meaning metal is responsible for the colour produced in the flame. This is evidence that strongly supports my hypothesis; therefore I accept my hypothesis on that basis.